Ordering the Thyroid Antibodies Test for Hashimoto’s
Testing for thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (TG) antibodies helps assess autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. These antibodies may indicate immune system activity targeting thyroid tissue, which can affect thyroid function over time.
Interestingly, some people with elevated thyroid antibodies do not develop noticeable thyroid dysfunction for years, making early detection useful for monitoring changes over time.
Ordering this test provides valuable insights into autoimmune activity related to thyroid function. It may help guide discussions about potential thyroid-related symptoms or conditions with a healthcare provider. Benefits of ordering include:
- Identifies thyroid autoimmunity, even before noticeable symptoms develop.
- Helps differentiate between autoimmune thyroid disease and other thyroid conditions.
- Monitors antibody levels over time to track immune activity.
- Provides supporting information for personalized thyroid management plans.
- Assists in evaluating unexplained thyroid-related symptoms, including fatigue and changes in weight or metabolism.
Who Should Consider Antibody Testing for Thyroid Function?
Those experiencing persistent symptoms that suggest thyroid dysfunction, such as low energy, unexplained weight fluctuations, or changes in skin and hair texture, may want to check for thyroid antibodies. Some individuals with a family history of autoimmune thyroid disease may also benefit from testing, even if symptoms are mild or inconsistent.
Ordering the test may be relevant in the following situations:
- Persistent fatigue, even with sufficient sleep.
- Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight despite lifestyle changes.
- Development of dry skin, hair thinning, or brittle nails.
- Fluctuating thyroid hormone levels with no clear cause.
- A history of another autoimmune condition, as these can sometimes occur together.
Thyroid antibodies can indicate immune-related thyroid dysfunction, even before hormone levels shift. If left unchecked, prolonged autoimmune activity may contribute to gradual changes in thyroid function, potentially affecting metabolism and energy levels. Testing allows for early detection and monitoring.
If antibodies are positive, understanding your immune system is the next step. Lab tests like the TH1/TH2 and the CD4/CD8 Ratio and the Vitamin D blood test can help you understand what about your immune system isn’t working correctly.
How to Prepare for the TPO Ab and Tg Ab Test
Fasting is not required before this test, and it can be taken at any time of day.
Make sure to follow whatever guidance your doctor or healthcare practitioner gives you regarding when and how to take the test.
Labs Included When Ordering Your Thyroid Antibodies Test
| Test Name | Reference Range | Significance | Low and High Levels of Thyroid Antibodies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) Antibodies | <9 | Measures immune activity against thyroid peroxidase, an enzyme involved in hormone production. Elevated levels suggest autoimmune thyroid disease. | High levels mean an increased likelihood of Hashimoto’s or Graves’ disease. Low levels mean minimal or no autoimmune thyroid activity. |
| Thyroglobulin (TG) Antibodies | <1 | Detects immune system activity against thyroglobulin, a precursor protein for thyroid hormones. High levels are linked to autoimmune thyroid disorders. | High levels mean possible autoimmune thyroid disease, such as Hashimoto’s. Low levels mean little to no autoimmune response targeting thyroglobulin. |
Lab reference values are subject to change. Refer to the Quest Diagnostics lab test directory for current ranges.
Thyroid Antibodies FAQ
Is there thyroid antibodies testing near me?
Find a nearby testing location using the patient service center locator. Testing sites are widely available, and some offer mobile phlebotomy for added convenience, which can be helpful for those monitoring ongoing thyroid conditions.
What is the cost of the test?
The price includes all associated fees, including sample collection at patient service centers. Checking thyroid antibodies may help determine whether immune activity is affecting thyroid function, potentially providing answers to ongoing symptoms.
How often should I retest?
Since thyroid antibodies tend to fluctuate, retesting once per week for three weeks is recommended if the initial results are negative. Retesting is recommended if symptoms change or to track autoimmune activity over time. This helps assess whether antibody levels are rising, stable, or decreasing, which may provide insights into thyroid antibody trends.
How accurate is the test?
This test uses enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies with a specificity of 98% and sensitivity of 96%. TrueHealthLabs.com works with CLIA-certified labs to maintain high-quality testing standards you can trust.
Medical Review Board
Reviewed by Jeff Donohue M.D. from Body Logic and Brady Hurst DC, CCCN. Written by True Health Lab’s team of editorial health contributors.
Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and not intended as medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance.
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